REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 8196-8197 OF 2010
(Arising out of S.L.P. (Civil) Nos.5289-5290 of 2010)
Sanjeeta Das ....Appellant
Versus
Tapan Kumar Mohanty ....Respondent
JUDGMENT
AFTAB ALAM, J.
1. Leave granted.
2. The order of a division bench of the Orissa High Court that is before
us in this appeal, though passed in a judicial proceeding, appears to us to be completely alien to the law. The relevant facts to see the impugned order in perspective may be stated thus.
3. The respondent and the appellant were married in accordance with the
Hindu religious rites. About three years after the marriage, he filed a petition (Civil Proceeding No.136 of 1997) before the Family Court, Rourkela for dissolution of his marriage with the appellant on grounds of cruelty and desertion [clauses (ia) and (ib) of section 13(1) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955]. The appellant strongly resisted the grounds taken by the respondent for dissolution of their marriage and took the plea that in reality she had been deserted and subjected to cruelty by the respondent. For the purpose of the present appeal, there is no need for us to go into the details of the allegations made by the respondent in his petition or the counter-allegations made against him in the written statement filed by the appellant. Suffice it to note that on the basis of the evidences adduced before it, the Family Court in its judgment dated October 29, 2005 arrived at findings against the respondent on both the issues of desertion and cruelty. Invoking, however,the provision of section 23A of the Act, it directed the appellant to resume cohabitation with her husband, the spondent, within 3 months from the date of the judgment. The operative order of the Family Court is as follows:
"In the ultimate analysis, while rejecting the prayer of the
petitioner seeking for grant of dissolution of his marriage with
the respondent by a decree of divorce, I pass a decree of
restitution of the conjugal life of the parties. Accordingly, the
respondent-wife is directed to restitute her conjugal life with the
petitioner-husband within 3 months, hence on the event of the
respondent coming to the fold of the petitioner to restitute her
conjugal life with the latter, he shall co-operate with the former
and that consequent upon success of the restitution of conjugal
life between the parties, the impact/gravity of the criminal
proceeding u/s. 498A IPC started against the petitioner and his
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family members at the instance of the respondent shall be
loosen"
4. Against the judgment and order passed by the Family Court, the
respondent preferred appeal (MATA No.59 of 2005) before the Calcutta
High Court. The appeal was disposed of by a division bench of the High
Court by order dated September 2, 2009. From that order it appears that the
respondent filed an affidavit before the court declaring his willingness to pay
a sum of Rs.10,00,000.00 (rupees ten lakhs only) as life term maintenance of
the appellant and for the expenses of marriage of their daughter Kumari
Ayushi Mohanty (Richi), in consideration of the dissolution of his marriage
with the appellant by a decree of divorce and compounding of a criminal
case instituted against him by the appellant. The respondent further stated in
the affidavit that he would pay the sum of Rs.5,00,000.00 (rupees five lakhs
only) within 4 months from the date of passing of the decree of divorce and
the balance amount of Rs.5,00,000.00 (rupees five lakhs only) in 4 equal
installments spread over a period of 2 years from the date of the passing of
the decree of divorce. The High Court in its order dated September 2, 2009
simply paraphrased the statements made in the affidavit filed by the
respondent and made it the order of the court. The order dated September 2,
2009 was later modified by order dated November 20, 2009 to the further
advantage of the respondent. It was clarified that the payment of
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Rs.10,00,000.00 (rupees ten lakhs only) was not only for the lifetime
maintenance of the appellant but also for the maintenance of the daughter,
Kumari Ayushi Mohanty (Richi) till she got married besides the expenses
that might be incurred for her marriage.
5. These two orders passed by the High Court, by which it purported to
grant a decree of divorce for dissolution of the respondent's marriage with
the appellant are now before us in appeal and plainly speaking we are unable
to put any meaning to the order of the High Court. The marriage between the
respondent and the appellant was admittedly solemnized in accordance with
the Hindu religious rites. A Hindu marriage can be dissolved only on any of
the grounds plainly and clearly enumerated under section 13 of the Hindu
Marriage Act. The law does not permit the purchase of a decree of divorce
for consideration, with or without the consent of the other side.
6. Leaned counsel appearing for the respondent urged us not to interfere
in the matter submitting that the respondent and the appellant had lived
together barely for four months. He stated that the marriage had taken place
on April 29, 1994 and from August 24, 1994 they are living separately. He
also tried to argue that the order of the High Court was passed with the
consent of the parties and for that reason also this Court should not interfere
in the matter. We are not prepared to accept the submission for a moment.
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First, there is nothing to indicate that the order was passed with the consent
of the appellant. All that is said in the order is as under:
"On consideration of such affidavit and the submission of the
learned counsel appearing for the parties, we dispose both
these appeals with the following directions"
(Emphasis added)
7. The affidavit referred to in the order is the one filed by the respondent
and consideration of submission of counsel for the parties does not indicate
that the appellant had given her consent for dissolution of her marriage with
the respondent on payment of Rs.10,00,000.00 (rupees ten lakhs only).
Secondly, and more importantly, the consent of the parties is of no relevance
in the matter. No court can assume jurisdiction to dissolve a Hindu marriage
simply on the basis of the consent of the parties de hors the grounds
enumerated under section 13 of the Act, unless of course the consenting
parties proceed under section 13B of the Act.
8. In the light of the discussions made above, we find the order of the
High Court completely unsustainable. It is set aside and the appeal against
the judgment and order passed by the Family Court is restored to its file. The
High Court must now hear and dispose of the appeal along with the
connected appeal afresh, in accordance with law. Since the matter is
somewhat old, the High Court may give the appeals some priority and
dispose them of at an early date.
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9. In the result, the appeals are allowed with costs, quantified at
Rs.15,000.00 (rupees fifteen thousand only).
.....................................J
(AFTAB ALAM)
.......................................J
(R.M. LODHA)
New Delhi
September 22, 2010.
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